APG v2.1.0
This commit is contained in:
Adel I. Mirzazhanov
73
doc/APG_TIPS
73
doc/APG_TIPS
@@ -44,3 +44,76 @@ genpw () {
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until genpw; do : ; done
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----------[cut here]
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Note:
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Since apg-2.1.0b0 you can use [-e char_string] option
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to do the same thing.
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#######################################################
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# 2. APG and xinetd
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# by Tomaz Zupan <tomaz.zupan@orpo.si>
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#######################################################
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I use xinetd instead of inetd as per your documentation,
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so I hope you (or anyone using apgd) might find usefull
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this xinetd.conf entry. Arguments are tailored according
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to my needs, but that shouldn't be a problem for anyone
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that read man pages ...
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--------> [cut here]
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# default: on
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# description: APGD is a deamon that returns randomly generated password
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service pwdgen
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{
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port = 129
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socket_type = stream
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wait = no
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only_from = localhost
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user = pismonosa
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server = /usr/local/sbin/apgd
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server_args = -M ln -n 1 -m 6 -x 8 -a 1
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instances = 1
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log_on_failure += USERID
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disable = no
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}
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--------> [cut here]
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######################################################
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# 3. APG and PHP script
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# from http://www.forth.com/rick/
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######################################################
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After building and installing APG, you must make it
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easily available. The simplest is as a web-page
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reference. The simplest way to do this is by a php
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script located in the root of the web server's data
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tree:
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--------> [cut here]
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<html>
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<body>
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<pre>
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<?
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$foo = `/usr/local/bin/apg -n 20`;
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echo $foo
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?>
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</pre>
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</body>
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</html>
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--------> [cut here]
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######################################################
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# 4. APG v2.1.0b0 and [R,r] letters in mode string
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# by Adel I. Mirzazhanov <a-del@iname.com>
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######################################################
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Since version 2.1.0b0 You can not use symbols R,r to ask
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APG not to generate symbols (' ` | \ ? $ ") when You
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plan to use special symbol set for password generation.
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But You stil can get the same resault with new option
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[-e char_string] (see apg(1)). Just run APG like this:
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apg -a1 -M s -e \'\`\|\?\$\"\\
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This method will work for random password generation
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only.
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138
doc/man/apg.1
138
doc/man/apg.1
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
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.\" Licensed under BSD-like License.
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.\" Created by Adel I. Mirzazhanov
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.\"
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.TH APG 1 "2001 Mar 18" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
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.TH APG 1 "2002 Jun 11" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
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.SH NAME
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apg
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\- generates several random passwords
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B apg
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[\fB-a algorithm\fP] [\fB-M mode\fP] [\fB-E char_string\fP]
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[\fB-n num_of_pass\fP] [\fB-m min_pass_len\fP] [\fB-x max_pass_len\fP]
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[\fB-r\fP \fIdictfile\fP] [\fB-b\fP \fIfilter_file\fP]
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[\fB-a algorithm\fP] [\fB-C\fP] [\fB-L\fP] [\fB-S\fP] [\fB-N\fP] [\fB-R\fP]
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[\fB-M mode\fP] [\fB-m min_pass_len\fP] [\fB-x max_pass_len\fP] [\fB-n num_of_pass\fP]
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[\fB-s\fP] [\fB-c cl_seed\fP] [\fB-d\fP] [\fB-y\fP] [\fB-h\fP] [\fB-v\fP]
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[\fB-s\fP] [\fB-c cl_seed\fP] [\fB-d\fP] [\fB-y\fP] [\fB-q\fP] [\fB-h\fP] [\fB-v\fP]
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.PP
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B apg
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@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ or
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.B RFC1750
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with exception that it uses
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.I CAST
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or
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.I SHA-1
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instead of
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.I Triple DES.
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It uses local time with precision of microseconds (see
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@@ -59,16 +61,21 @@ initial random seed.
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.PP
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.B apg
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also have the ability to check generated password quality using
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dictionary. You can use this ability if you specify command-line option
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dictionary. You can use this ability if you specify command-line options
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.B -r
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.I dictfile
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where \fIdictfile\fP is dictionary file name. In that dictionary you may place words
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or
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.B -b
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.I filtername
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where \fIdictfile\fP is the dictionary file name and \fIfiltername\fP is the
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name of Bloom filter file. In that dictionary you may place words
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(one per line) that should not appear as generated passwords. For example: user names,
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common words, etc. You even can use one of the dictionaries that come with
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.I dictionary password crackers.
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This check is case sensitive. For example, if you want to reject word 'root',
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you should insert in \fIdictfile\fP words: root, Root, RoOt, ... , ROOT.
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It is not the easiest way to check password quality, but
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Bloom filter file should be created with \fBapgbfm\fP(1) utility included
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in apg distribution. These checks are case sensitive. For example, if you want
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to reject word 'root', you should insert in \fIdictfile\fP words: root, Root,
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RoOt, ... , ROOT. It is not the easiest way to check password quality, but
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it is the most powerful way. In future releases I plan to implement some other
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techniques to check passwords (like pattern check) just to make life easier.
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.sp
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@@ -76,64 +83,56 @@ techniques to check passwords (like pattern check) just to make life easier.
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.TP
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.B -M mode
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Use symbolsets specified with \fBmode\fP for password generation.
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\fBmode\fP is a text string consisting of characters \fBS[s]\fP, \fBN[n]\fP,
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\fBC[c]\fP, \fBL[l]\fP,\fBR[r]\fP. Where:
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\fBmode\fP is a text string consisting of characters \fBS\fP, \fBs\fP, \fBN\fP, \fBn\fP,
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\fBC\fP, \fBc\fP, \fBL\fP, \fBl\fP. Where:
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.RS
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.TP
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.B S[s]
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use special symbol set (for random character password generation algorithm only).
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.B S
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generator \fBmust\fP use special symbol set for every generated password.
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.TP
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.B N[n]
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use numeral symbol set.
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.B s
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generator \fBshould\fP use special symbol set for password generation.
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.TP
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.B C[c]
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use capital symbol set.
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.B N
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generator \fBmust\fP use numeral symbol set for every generated password.
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.TP
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.B L[l]
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use small letters symbol set (always present if pronounceable password
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.B n
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generator \fBshould\fP use numeral symbol set for password generation.
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.TP
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.B C
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generator \fBmust\fP use capital symbol set for every generated password.
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.TP
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.B c
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generator \fBshould\fP use capital symbol set for password generation.
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.TP
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.B L
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generator \fBmust\fP use small letters symbol set for every generated password
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(always present if pronounceable password
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generation algorithm is used).
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.TP
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.B R[r]
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the same as \fBS[s]\fP but it does not generate symbols \fB`\fP, \fB'\fP,
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\fB"\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB$\fP, \fBbackslash\fP, \fB?\fP. Useful for password generation in
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a shell script. (For random character password generation algorithm only).
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.B l
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generator \fBshould\fP use small letters symbol set for password generation.
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.TP
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.B R,r
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not supported any more. Use \fB-E char_string\fP option instead.
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.RE
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.RS
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.br
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\fBmode\fP can not be more then 5 characters in
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\fBmode\fP can not be more than 4 characters in
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length.
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.PP
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.B Note:
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.br
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Usage of L, M, N, C will slow down password generation process.
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.PP
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.B Examples:
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.br
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\fB-M sncl\fP or \fB-M SNCL\fP or \fB-M Cn\fP
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.PP
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\fB-M mode\fP is the new style password generation mode definition, but the old style
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options(-C, -N, -S, -L, -R) are also supported.
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\fB-M mode\fP is the new style password generation mode definition. Old style
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options(-C, -N, -S, -L, -R) are not supported any more.
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.RE
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.TP
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.B -S
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use special symbol set. For random character password generation algorithm only.
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(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
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.TP
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.B -R
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the same as \fB-S\fP but it does not generate symbols \fB`\fP, \fB'\fP,
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\fB"\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB$\fP, \fBbackslash\fP, \fB?\fP. Useful for password generation in
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a shell script. For random character password generation algorithm only.
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(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
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.TP
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.B -N
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use numeral symbol set.
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(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
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.TP
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.B -C
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use capital symbol set.
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(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
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.TP
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.B -L
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use small letters symbol set. Always present if pronounceable password
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generation algorithm is used.
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(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
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.TP
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.B -a algorithm
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use
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.B algorithm
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@@ -146,6 +145,36 @@ for password generation.
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- random character password generation
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.RE
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.TP
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.B -E char_string
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exclude characters in \fBchar_string\fP from password generation process (in pronounceable
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password generation mode you can not exclude small letters). To include special symbols that
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can be recognized by shell (apostrophe, quotes, dollar sign, etc.) in \fBchar_string\fP use
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the backslashed versions.
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.RS
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.PP
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.B Examples:
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.PP
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Command \fBapg -a 1 -M n -n 3 -m 8 -e 23456789\fP will generate a set of passwords that
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will look like this
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.br
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\fB10100110\fP
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.br
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\fB01111000\fP
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.br
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\fB11011101\fP
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.br
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.PP
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Command \fBapg -a 1 -M nc -n 3 -m 26 -e GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\fP will generate a set of passwords
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that will look like this
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.br
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\fB16A1653CD4DE5E7BD9584A3476\fP
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.br
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\fBC8F78E06944AFD57FB9CB882BC\fP
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.br
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\fB8C8DF37CD792D36D056BBD5002\fP
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.br
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.RE
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.TP
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.B -r \fIdictfile\fP
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check generated passwords for their appearance in
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.I dictfile
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@@ -188,18 +217,19 @@ Default maximum password length is 8.
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.B -y
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print generated passwords and crypted passwords (see man \fBcrypt\fP(3))
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.TP
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.B -q
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quiet mode (do not print warnings)
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.TP
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.B -h
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print help information and exit
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.TP
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.B -v
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print version information and exit
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.SH "DEFAULT OPTIONS"
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\fBapg -a 0 -N -C -L -n 6 -x 8 -m 6\fP (old style)
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.br
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\fBapg -a 0 -M NCL -n 6 -x 8 -m 6\fP (new style)
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\fBapg -a 0 -M ncl -n 6 -x 8 -m 6\fP (new style)
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.PP
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If you want to generate realy secure passwords,
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you should use option \fB-s\fP. To simlify
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If you want to generate really secure passwords,
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you should use option \fB-s\fP. To simplify
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.B apg
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usage, you can write a small shell script. For example:
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.br
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@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
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.\" Licensed under BSD-like License.
|
||||
.\" Created by Adel I. Mirzazhanov
|
||||
.\"
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.TH APGBFM 1 "2001 Mar 18" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
|
||||
.TH APGBFM 1 "2002 Jun 12" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
|
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.SH NAME
|
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apg
|
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apgbfm
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\- APG Bloom filter management program
|
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B apgbfm
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-n\fP \fBnumofwords\fP
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-n\fP \fBnumofwords\fP [\fB-q\fP]
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.br
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.B apgbfm
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-d\fP \fIdictfile\fP
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-d\fP \fIdictfile\fP [\fB-q\fP]
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.br
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.B apgbfm
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-a\fP \fBword\fP
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-a\fP \fBword\fP [\fB-q\fP]
|
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.br
|
||||
.B apgbfm
|
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-A\fP \fIdictfile\fP
|
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-A\fP \fIdictfile\fP [\fB-q\fP]
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.B apgbfm
|
||||
\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-c\fP \fBword\fP
|
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\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-c\fP \fBword\fP [\fB-q\fP]
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.B apgbfm
|
||||
\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-C\fP \fIdictfile\fP
|
||||
\fB-f\fP \fIfilter\fP \fB-C\fP \fIdictfile\fP [\fB-q\fP]
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.B apgbfm
|
||||
[\fB-v\fP] [\fB-h\fP]
|
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@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ In simple words, \fBapgbfm\fP generates \fIn\fP hash values for every word and
|
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sets corresponding bits in filter file to 1. To check the word \fBapgbfm\fP
|
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generates the same hash functions for that word and if all \fIn\fP corresponding
|
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bits in filter file are set to 1 then it suppose that word exists in dicionary.
|
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\fBapgbfm\fP uses \fBmd5\fP as a hash function.
|
||||
\fBapgbfm\fP uses \fBSHA-1\fP as a hash function.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
\fBapgbfm\fP can be used as standalone utility, not only with \fBapg\fP, or
|
||||
\fBapgd\fP.
|
||||
@@ -73,14 +73,21 @@ want to fill filter dynamicaly.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -d \fIdictfile\fP
|
||||
create new filter from \fIdictfile\fP. It may take a lot of time to
|
||||
generate filter from a big dictionary. To indicate that program is working
|
||||
\fBapgbfm\fP prints dot for every 100 words added in dictionary.
|
||||
generate filter from a big dictionary. In that dictionary you may place
|
||||
words (one per line) that should not appear as generated passwords.
|
||||
For example: user names common words, etc. You even can use one of the
|
||||
dictionaries that come with \fIdictionary password crackers\fP.
|
||||
This check is case sensitive. For example, if you want to reject word 'root',
|
||||
you should insert in \fIdictfile\fP words: root, Root, RoOt, ... , ROOT.
|
||||
To indicate that program is working \fBapgbfm\fP prints dot for every 100
|
||||
words added in dictionary.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -a word
|
||||
add \fBword\fP to the filter.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -A \fIdictfile\fP
|
||||
add all words from \fIdictfile\fP to the filter.
|
||||
add all words from \fIdictfile\fP to the filter. To indicate that program is working
|
||||
\fBapgbfm\fP prints dot for every 100 words added in dictionary.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -c word
|
||||
check \fBword\fP for appearance in the filter.
|
||||
@@ -88,6 +95,9 @@ check \fBword\fP for appearance in the filter.
|
||||
.B -C \fIdictfile\fP
|
||||
check every word from \fIdictfile\fP for appearance in the filter.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -q
|
||||
quiet mode.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -v
|
||||
print version information.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
||||
131
doc/man/apgd.8
131
doc/man/apgd.8
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
|
||||
.\" Licensed under BSD-like License.
|
||||
.\" Created by Adel I. Mirzazhanov
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.TH APGD 8 "2001 Mar 18" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
|
||||
.TH APGD 8 "2002 Jun 11" "Automated Password Generator" "User Manual"
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
apgd
|
||||
\- server that generates several random passwords
|
||||
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
.B apgd
|
||||
[\fB-a algorithm\fP] [\fB-M mode\fP] [\fB-E char_string\fP]
|
||||
[\fB-n num_of_pass\fP] [\fB-m min_pass_len\fP] [\fB-x max_pass_len\fP]
|
||||
[\fB-r\fP \fIdictfile\fP] [\fB-b\fP \fIfilter_file\fP]
|
||||
[\fB-a algorithm\fP] [\fB-C\fP] [\fB-L\fP] [\fB-S\fP] [\fB-N\fP]
|
||||
[\fB-m min_pass_len\fP] [\fB-x max_pass_len\fP] [\fB-n num_of_pass\fP]
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.B apgd
|
||||
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ or
|
||||
.B RFC1750
|
||||
with exception that it uses
|
||||
.I CAST
|
||||
or
|
||||
.I SHA-1
|
||||
instead of
|
||||
.I Triple DES.
|
||||
It uses local time with precision of microseconds (see
|
||||
@@ -76,15 +78,20 @@ also have the ability to check generated password quality using
|
||||
dictionary. You can use this ability if you specify command-line option
|
||||
.B -r
|
||||
.I dictfile
|
||||
where \fIdictfile\fP is dictionary file name. In that dictionary you may place words
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B -b
|
||||
.I filtername
|
||||
where \fIdictfile\fP is dictionary file name and \fIfiltername\fP is the
|
||||
name of Bloom filter file. In that dictionary you may place words
|
||||
(one per line) that should not appear as generated passwords. For example: user names
|
||||
common words, etc. You even can use one of the dictionaries that come with
|
||||
.I dictionary password crackers.
|
||||
This check is case sensitive. For example, if you want to reject word 'root',
|
||||
you should insert in \fIdictfile\fP words: root, Root, RoOt, ... , ROOT.
|
||||
It is not the easiest way to check password quality, but
|
||||
it is the most powerful way. In future releases I plan to implement some other
|
||||
techniques to check passwords just to make life easier.
|
||||
Bloom filter file should be created with \fBapgbfm\fP(1) utility included
|
||||
in apg distribution. These checks are case sensitive. For example, if you
|
||||
want to reject word 'root', you should insert in \fIdictfile\fP words: root,
|
||||
Root, RoOt, ... , ROOT. It is not the easiest way to check password quality,
|
||||
but it is the most powerful way. In future releases I plan to implement some
|
||||
other techniques to check passwords just to make life easier.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.B apgd
|
||||
has the ability log user password generation activity and internal debug information. It does this
|
||||
@@ -112,64 +119,56 @@ See the \fBsyslogd\fP(8) and \fBsyslog.conf\fP(5) man pages for information on h
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -M mode
|
||||
Use symbolsets specified with \fBmode\fP for password generation.
|
||||
\fBmode\fP is a text string consisting of characters \fBS[s]\fP, \fBN[n]\fP,
|
||||
\fBC[c]\fP, \fBL[l]\fP,\fBR[r]\fP. Where:
|
||||
\fBmode\fP is a text string consisting of characters \fBS\fP, \fBs\fP, \fBN\fP, \fBn\fP,
|
||||
\fBC\fP, \fBc\fP, \fBL\fP, \fBl\fP. Where:
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B S[s]
|
||||
use special symbol set (for random character password generation algorithm only).
|
||||
.B S
|
||||
generator \fBmust\fP use special symbol set for every generated password.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B N[n]
|
||||
use numeral symbol set.
|
||||
.B s
|
||||
generator \fBshould\fP use special symbol set for password generation.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B C[c]
|
||||
use capital symbol set.
|
||||
.B N
|
||||
generator \fBmust\fP use numeral symbol set for every generated password.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B L[l]
|
||||
use small letters symbol set (always present if pronounceable password
|
||||
.B n
|
||||
generator \fBshould\fP use numeral symbol set for password generation.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B C
|
||||
generator \fBmust\fP use capital symbol set for every generated password.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B c
|
||||
generator \fBshould\fP use capital symbol set for password generation.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B L
|
||||
generator \fBmust\fP use small letters symbol set for every generated password
|
||||
(always present if pronounceable password
|
||||
generation algorithm is used).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B R[r]
|
||||
the same as \fBS[s]\fP but it does not generate symbols \fB`\fP, \fB'\fP,
|
||||
\fB"\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB$\fP, \fBbackslash\fP, \fB?\fP. Useful for password generation in
|
||||
a shell script. (For random character password generation algorithm only).
|
||||
.B l
|
||||
generator \fBshould\fP use small letters symbol set for password generation.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B R,r
|
||||
not supported any more. Use \fB-E char_string\fP option instead.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fBmode\fP can not be more then 5 characters in
|
||||
\fBmode\fP can not be more than 4 characters in
|
||||
length.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.B Note:
|
||||
.br
|
||||
Usage of L, M, N, C will slow down password generation process.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.B Examples:
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB-M sncl\fP or \fB-M SNCL\fP or \fB-M Cn\fP
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
\fB-M mode\fP is the new style password generation mode definition, but the old style
|
||||
options(-C, -N, -S, -L, -R) are also supported.
|
||||
\fB-M mode\fP is the new style password generation mode definition. Old style
|
||||
options(-C, -N, -S, -L, -R) are not supported any more.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -S
|
||||
use special symbol set. For random character password generation algorithm only.
|
||||
(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -R
|
||||
the same as \fB-S\fP but it does not generate symbols \fB`\fP, \fB'\fP,
|
||||
\fB"\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB$\fP, \fBbackslash\fP, \fB?\fP. Useful for password generation in
|
||||
a shell script. For random character password generation algorithm only.
|
||||
(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -N
|
||||
use numeral symbol set.
|
||||
(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -C
|
||||
use capital symbol set.
|
||||
(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -L
|
||||
use small letters symbol set. Always present if pronounceable password
|
||||
generation algorithm is used.
|
||||
(old style - use \fB-M mode\fP instead).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -a algorithm
|
||||
use
|
||||
.B algorithm
|
||||
@@ -182,6 +181,36 @@ for password generation.
|
||||
- random character password generation
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -E char_string
|
||||
exclude characters in \fBchar_string\fP from password generation process (in pronounceable
|
||||
password generation mode you can not exclude small letters). To include special symbols
|
||||
that can be recognized by shell (apostrophe, quotes, dollar sign, etc.) in \fBchar_string\fP
|
||||
use the backslashed versions.
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.B Examples:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Command \fBapgd -a 1 -M n -n 3 -m 8 -e 23456789\fP will generate a set of passwords that
|
||||
will look like this
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB10100110\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB01111000\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB11011101\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Command \fBapgd -a 1 -M nc -n 3 -m 26 -e GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\fP will generate a set of passwords
|
||||
that will look like this
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB16A1653CD4DE5E7BD9584A3476\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fBC8F78E06944AFD57FB9CB882BC\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fB8C8DF37CD792D36D056BBD5002\fP
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -r \fIdictfile\fP
|
||||
check generated passwords for their appearance in
|
||||
.B dictfile
|
||||
@@ -208,9 +237,7 @@ generate password with maximum length
|
||||
If \fBmin_pass_len > max_pass_len\fP then \fBmax_pass_len = min_pass_len\fP.
|
||||
Default maximum password length is 8.
|
||||
.SH "DEFAULT OPTIONS"
|
||||
\fBapgd -a 0 -N -C -L -n 6 -m 6 -x 8\fP (old style)
|
||||
.br
|
||||
\fBapgd -a 0 -M NCL -n 6 -x 8 -m 6\fP (new style)
|
||||
\fBapgd -a 0 -M ncl -n 6 -x 8 -m 6\fP (new style)
|
||||
.SH "EXIT CODE"
|
||||
On successful completion of its task,
|
||||
.B apgd
|
||||
|
||||
235
doc/pronun.txt
Normal file
235
doc/pronun.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
|
||||
pronunciation guide for unix
|
||||
29 Apr 97
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How do I pronounce "vi" , or "!", or "/*", or ...?
|
||||
You can start a very long and pointless discussion by wondering
|
||||
about this topic on the net. Some people say "vye", some say
|
||||
"vee-eye" (the vi manual suggests this) and some Roman numerologists
|
||||
say "six". How you pronounce "vi" has nothing to do with whether
|
||||
or not you are a true Unix wizard.
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, you'll find that some people pronounce "char" as "care",
|
||||
and that there are lots of ways to say "#" or "/*" or "!" or
|
||||
"tty" or "/etc". No one pronunciation is correct - enjoy the regional
|
||||
dialects and accents.
|
||||
|
||||
Since this topic keeps coming up on the net, here is a comprehensive
|
||||
pronunciation list that has made the rounds.
|
||||
|
||||
The Pronunciation Guide
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
version 2.5
|
||||
|
||||
Names derived from UNIX are marked with *, names derived from C are marked
|
||||
with +, names derived from (Net)Hack are marked with & and names deserving
|
||||
further explanation are marked with a #. The explanations will be given at
|
||||
the very end.
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
-- SINGLE CHARACTERS --
|
||||
|
||||
SPACE, blank, ghost&
|
||||
|
||||
! EXCLAMATION POINT, exclamation (mark), (ex)clam, excl, wow, hey, boing,
|
||||
bang#, shout, yell, shriek, pling, factorial, ball-bat, smash, cuss,
|
||||
store#, potion&, not*+, dammit*#
|
||||
|
||||
" QUOTATION MARK, (double) quote, dirk, literal mark, rabbit ears,
|
||||
double ping, double glitch, amulet&, web&, inverted commas
|
||||
|
||||
# CROSSHATCH, pound, pound sign, number, number sign, sharp, octothorpe#,
|
||||
hash, (garden) fence, crunch, mesh, hex, flash, grid, pig-pen,
|
||||
tictactoe, scratch (mark), (garden) gate, hak, oof, rake, sink&,
|
||||
corridor&, unequal#, punch mark
|
||||
|
||||
$ DOLLAR SIGN, dollar, cash, currency symbol, buck, string#, escape#,
|
||||
ding, big-money, gold&, Sonne#
|
||||
|
||||
% PERCENT SIGN, percent, mod+, shift-5, double-oh-seven, grapes, food&
|
||||
|
||||
& AMPERSAND, and, amper, address+, shift-7, andpersand, snowman,
|
||||
bitand+, donald duck#, daemon&, background*, pretzel
|
||||
|
||||
' APOSTROPHE, (single) quote, tick, prime, irk, pop, spark, glitch,
|
||||
lurker above&
|
||||
|
||||
* ASTERISK, star, splat, spider, aster, times, wildcard*, gear, dingle,
|
||||
(Nathan) Hale#, bug, gem&, twinkle, funny button#, pine cone, glob*
|
||||
|
||||
() PARENTHESES, parens, round brackets, bananas, ears, bowlegs
|
||||
( LEFT PARENTHESIS, (open) paren, so, wane, parenthesee, open, sad,
|
||||
tool&
|
||||
) RIGHT PARENTHESIS, already, wax, unparenthesee, close (paren), happy,
|
||||
thesis, weapon&
|
||||
|
||||
+ PLUS SIGN, plus, add, cross, and, intersection, door&, spellbook&
|
||||
|
||||
, COMMA, tail, trapper&
|
||||
|
||||
- HYPHEN, minus (sign), dash, dak, option, flag, negative (sign), worm,
|
||||
bithorpe#
|
||||
|
||||
. PERIOD, dot, decimal (point), (radix) point, spot, full stop,
|
||||
put#, floor&
|
||||
|
||||
/ SLASH, stroke, virgule, solidus, slant, diagonal, over, slat, slak,
|
||||
across#, compress#, reduce#, replicate#, spare, divided-by, wand&,
|
||||
forward slash, shilling#
|
||||
|
||||
: COLON, two-spot, double dot, dots, chameleon&
|
||||
|
||||
; SEMICOLON, semi, hybrid, giant eel&, go-on#
|
||||
|
||||
<> ANGLE BRACKETS, angles, funnels, brokets, pointy brackets, widgets
|
||||
< LESS THAN, less, read from*, from*, in*, comesfrom*, crunch,
|
||||
sucks, left chevron#, open pointy (brack[et]), bra#, upstairs&, west,
|
||||
(left|open) widget
|
||||
> GREATER THAN, more, write to*, into/toward*, out*, gazinta*, zap,
|
||||
blows, right chevron#, closing pointy (brack[et]), ket#, downstairs&,
|
||||
east, (right|close) widget
|
||||
|
||||
= EQUAL SIGN, equal(s), gets, becomes, quadrathorpe#, half-mesh, ring&
|
||||
|
||||
? QUESTION MARK, question, query, whatmark, what, wildchar*, huh, ques,
|
||||
kwes, quiz, quark, hook, scroll&, interrogation point
|
||||
|
||||
@ AT SIGN, at, each, vortex, whirl, whirlpool, cyclone, snail, ape (tail),
|
||||
cat, snable-a#, trunk-a#, rose, cabbage, Mercantile symbol, strudel#,
|
||||
fetch#, shopkeeper&, human&, commercial-at, monkey (tail)
|
||||
|
||||
[] BRACKETS, square brackets, U-turns, edged parentheses
|
||||
[ LEFT BRACKET, bracket, bra, (left) square (brack[et]), opensquare,
|
||||
armor&
|
||||
] RIGHT BRACKET, unbracket, ket, right square (brack[et]), unsquare, close,
|
||||
mimic&
|
||||
|
||||
\ BACKSLASH, reversed virgule, bash, (back)slant, backwhack, backslat,
|
||||
escape*, backslak, bak, scan#, expand#, opulent throne&, slosh, slope,
|
||||
blash
|
||||
|
||||
^ CIRCUMFLEX, caret, carrot, (top)hat, cap, uphat, party hat, housetop,
|
||||
up arrow, control, boink, chevron, hiccup, power, to-the(-power), fang,
|
||||
sharkfin, and#, xor+, wok, trap&, pointer#, pipe*, upper-than#
|
||||
|
||||
_ UNDERSCORE, underline, underbar, under, score, backarrow, flatworm, blank,
|
||||
chain&, gets#, dash#, sneak
|
||||
|
||||
` GRAVE, (grave/acute) accent, backquote, left/open quote, backprime,
|
||||
unapostrophe, backspark, birk, blugle, backtick, push, backglitch,
|
||||
backping, execute#, boulder&, rock&, blip
|
||||
|
||||
{} BRACES, curly braces, squiggly braces, curly brackets, squiggle brackets,
|
||||
Tuborgs#, ponds, curly chevrons#, squirrly braces, hitchcocks#,
|
||||
chippendale brackets#
|
||||
{ LEFT BRACE, brace, curly, leftit, embrace, openbrace, begin+,
|
||||
fountain&
|
||||
} RIGHT BRACE, unbrace, uncurly, rytit, bracelet, close, end+, a pool&
|
||||
|
||||
| VERTICAL BAR, pipe*, pipe to*, vertical line, broken line#, bar, or+,
|
||||
bitor+, vert, v-bar, spike, to*, gazinta*, thru*, pipesinta*, tube,
|
||||
mark, whack, gutter, wall&
|
||||
|
||||
~ TILDE, twiddle, tilda, tildee, wave, squiggle, swung dash, approx,
|
||||
wiggle, enyay#, home*, worm, not+
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
-- MULTIPLE CHARACTER STRINGS --
|
||||
|
||||
!? interrobang (one overlapped character)
|
||||
*/ asterslash+, times-div#
|
||||
/* slashterix+, slashaster
|
||||
:= becomes#
|
||||
<- gets
|
||||
<< left-shift+, double smaller
|
||||
<> unequal#
|
||||
>> appends*, cat-astrophe, right-shift+, double greater
|
||||
-> arrow+, pointer to+, hiccup+
|
||||
#! sh'bang, wallop
|
||||
\!* bash-bang-splat
|
||||
() nil#
|
||||
&& and+, and-and+, amper-amper, succeeds-then*
|
||||
|| or+, or-or+, fails-then*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
-- NOTES --
|
||||
|
||||
! bang comes from old card punch phenom where punching ! code made a
|
||||
loud noise; however, this pronunciation is used in the (non-
|
||||
computerized) publishing and typesetting industry in the U.S.
|
||||
too, so ...
|
||||
Alternatively it could have come from comic books, where the
|
||||
words each character utters are shown in a "balloon" near that
|
||||
character's head. When one character shoots another, it is
|
||||
common to see a balloon pointing at the barrel of the gun to
|
||||
denote that the gun had been fired, not merely aimed.
|
||||
That balloon contained the word "!" -- hence, "!" == "Bang!"
|
||||
! store from FORTH
|
||||
! dammit as in "quit, dammit!" while exiting vi and hoping one hasn't
|
||||
clobbered a file too badly
|
||||
# octothorpe from Bell System (orig. octalthorpe)
|
||||
# unequal e.g. Modula-2
|
||||
$ string from BASIC
|
||||
$ escape from TOPS-10
|
||||
$ Sonne In the "socialist" countries they used and are using all kinds
|
||||
of IBM clones (hardware + sw). It was a common practice just
|
||||
to rename everything (IBM 360 --> ESER 1040 etc.).
|
||||
Of course the "dollar" sign had to be renamed - it became the
|
||||
"international currency symbol" which looks like a circle with
|
||||
4 rays spreading from it:
|
||||
____
|
||||
\/ \/
|
||||
/ \
|
||||
\ /
|
||||
/\____/\
|
||||
|
||||
Because it looks like a (small) shining sun, in the German
|
||||
Democratic Republic it was usually called "Sonne" (sun).
|
||||
& donald duck from the Danish "Anders And", which means "Donald Duck"
|
||||
* splat from DEC "spider" glyph
|
||||
* Nathan Hale "I have but one asterisk for my country."
|
||||
* funny button at Pacific Bell, * was referred to by employees as the "funny
|
||||
button", which did not please management at all when it became
|
||||
part of the corporate logo of Pacific Telesis, the holding
|
||||
company ...
|
||||
*/ times-div from FORTH
|
||||
= quadrathorpe half an octothorpe
|
||||
- bithorpe half a quadrathorpe (So what's a monothorpe?)
|
||||
. put Victor Borge's Phonetic Punctuation which dates back to the
|
||||
middle 1950's
|
||||
/ across APL
|
||||
/ compress APL
|
||||
/ reduce APL
|
||||
/ replicate APL
|
||||
/ shilling from the British currency symbol
|
||||
:= becomes e.g. Pascal
|
||||
; go-on Algol68
|
||||
< left chevron from the military: worn vertically on the sleeve to signify
|
||||
rating
|
||||
< bra from quantum mechanics
|
||||
<> unequal e.g. Pascal
|
||||
> right chevron see "< left chevron"
|
||||
> ket from quantum mechanics
|
||||
@ snable-a from Danish; may translate as "trunk-a"
|
||||
@ trunk-a "trunk" = "elephant nose"
|
||||
@ strudel as in Austrian apple cake
|
||||
@ fetch from FORTH
|
||||
\ scan APL
|
||||
\ expand APL
|
||||
^ and from formal logic
|
||||
^ pointer from PASCAL
|
||||
^ upper-than cf. > and <
|
||||
_ gets some alternative representation of underscore resembles a
|
||||
backarrow
|
||||
_ dash as distinct from '-' == minus
|
||||
` execute from shell command substitution
|
||||
{} Tuborgs from advertizing for well-known Danish beverage
|
||||
{} curly chevr. see "< left chevron"
|
||||
{} hitchcocks from the old Alfred Hitchcock show, with the stylized profile
|
||||
of the man
|
||||
{} chipp. br. after Chippendale chairs
|
||||
| broken line EBCDIC has two vertical bars, one solid and one broken.
|
||||
~ enyay from the Spanish n-tilde
|
||||
() nil LISP
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user